Organizational Structures

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Understanding Organizations

  • Improve the success of project with better understanding of organizations.
  • Organizations can viewed as:
    • The structural frame - deals with how the organization is structured.
    • The human resources frame - focuses on producing harmony. between the need of organization and the need of the people.
    • The political frame - address organizational and personal politics.
    • The symbolic frame - focuses on symbols and meanings.
  • Project manager must learn to use all four of these in order to function well in organizations.


Three organizational structures are:

  • Functional:- the hierarchy most people think of when picturing an organizational chart. For example, colleges and universities.
  • Project:- the hierarchy structure, but instead of functional managers or vice presidents reporting to the CEO, project managers report to the CEO. For example, MAS Aircraft Company.
  • Matrix:- represent the middle ground between functional and project structures. Personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.

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